F-117 Nighthawk Stealth Fighter Profile

The Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk was the worlds first operational stealth aircraft. Designed to evade enemy radar systems, the F-117A was developed as a stealth attack aircraft by Lockheeds famed Skunk Works unit in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Though in use in by 1983, the existence of the F-117A was not acknowledged until 1988 and the aircraft was not fully revealed to the public until 1990. Though used in 1989 over Panama, the F-117As first major conflict was Operation Desert Shield/Storm in 1990-1991. The aircraft remained in service until being formally retired in 2008. Stealth During the Vietnam War radar-guided, surface-to-air missiles began to take an increasingly heavy toll on American aircraft. As a result of these losses, American planners began seeking a way to make an aircraft invisible to radar. The theory behind their efforts was initially developed by Russian mathematician Pyotr Ya. Ufimtsev in 1964. Theorizing that the radar return of a given object was not related to its size but rather its edge configuration, he believed that he could calculate the radar cross-section across a wings surface and along its edge. Utilizing this knowledge, Ufimtsev conjectured that even a large aircraft could be made stealthy. Unfortunately, any aircraft taking advantage of his theories would be inherently unstable. As the technology of the day was incapable of producing the flight computers necessary to compensate for this instability, his concepts were shelved. Several years later, an analyst at Lockheed came across a paper about Ufimtsevs theories and, as technology had sufficiently advanced, the company began developing a stealth aircraft based on the Russians work. Development Development of the F-117 began as a top secret black project at Lockheeds famed Advanced Development Projects unit, better known as the Skunk Works. First developing a model of the new aircraft in 1975 dubbed the Hopeless Diamond due to its odd shape, Lockheed built two test aircraft under the Have Blue contract to test the designs radar-defying properties. Smaller than the F-117, the Have Blue planes flew night test missions over the Nevada desert between 1977 and 1979. Utilizing the F-16s single-axis fly-by-wire system, the Have Blue planes solved the instability issues and were invisible to radar. Lockheed Have Blue test aircraft. US Air Force Pleased with the programs results, the US Air Force issued a contract to Lockheed on November 1, 1978, for the design and production of a full-sized, stealth aircraft. Led by Skunk Works chief Ben Rich, with assistance from Bill Schroeder and Denys Overholser, the design team used specially designed software to create an aircraft which used facets (flat panels) to scatter over 99% of radar signals. The final result was an odd-looking aircraft that featured quadruple-redundant fly-by-wire flight controls, an advanced inertial guidance system, and sophisticated GPS navigation. To minimize the aircrafts radar signature, designers were forced to exclude onboard radar as well as minimize the engine inlets, outlets, and thrust. The result was a subsonic attack bomber capable of carrying 5,000 lbs. of ordnance in an internal bay. Created under the Senior Trend Program, the new F-117 first flew on June 18, 1981, only a mere thirty-one months after moving into full-scale development. Designated the F-117A Nighthawk, the first production aircraft was delivered the following year with operational capability reached in October 1983. All told 59 aircraft were built and delivered by 1990. F-117A Nighthawk GeneralLength: 69 ft. 9 in.Wingspan: 43 ft. 4 in.Height: 12 ft. 9.5 in.Wing Area: 780 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 29,500 lbs.Loaded Weight: 52,500 lbs.Crew: 1PerformancePower Plant: 2 Ãâ€" General Electric F404-F1D2 turbofansRange: 930 milesMax Speed: Mach 0.92Ceiling: 69,000 ft.Armament2 Ãâ€" internal weapons bays with one hard point each (total of two weapons) Operational History Due to the extreme secrecy of the F-117 program, the aircraft was first based at isolated Tonopah Test Range Airport in Nevada as part of the 4450th Tactical Group. To aid in protecting the secret, official records at the time listed the 4450th as being based at Nellis Air Force Base and flying A-7 Corsair IIs. It was not until 1988 that the Air Force acknowledged the existence of the stealth fighter and released a fuzzy photograph of the aircraft. Two years later, in April 1990, it was publicly revealed when two F-117As arrived at Nellis during daylight hours. F-117A Nighthawk. US Air Force Gulf War With the crisis in Kuwait developing that August, the F-117A, now assigned to the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing, deployed to the Middle East. Operation Desert Shield/Storm was the aircrafts first large-scale combat debut, though two had been secretly used as part of the invasion of Panama in 1989. A key component of the coalition air strategy, the F-117A flew 1,300 sorties during the Gulf War and struck 1,600 targets. The forty-two F-117As of the 37th TFW succeeded in scoring an 80% hit rate and were among the few aircraft cleared to strike targets in downtown Baghdad. Kosovo Returning from the Gulf, the F-117A fleet was shifted to Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico in 1992 and became part of the 49th Fighter Wing. In 1999, the F-117A was used in the Kosovo War as part of Operation Allied Force. During the conflict, an F-117A flown by Lieutenant Colonel Dale Zelko was downed by a specially modified SA-3 Goa surface-to-air missile. Serbian forces were able to briefly detect the aircraft by operating their radar on unusually long wavelengths. Though Zelko was rescued, the remains of the aircraft were captured and some of the technology compromised. In the years after the September 11 attacks, the F-117A flew combat missions in support of both Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. In the latter case, it dropped the opening bombs of the war when F-117s struck a leadership target in the conflicts opening hours in March 2003. Though a highly successful aircraft, the F-117As technology was becoming outmoded by 2005 and maintenance costs were rising. F-117A Nighthawk on display at the National Museum of the US Air Force. US Air Force Retirement With the introduction of the F-22 Raptor and development of the F-35 Lightning II, Program Budget Decision 720 (issued December 28, 2005) proposed retiring the F-117A fleet by October 2008. Though the US Air Force had intended to keep the aircraft in service until 2011, it decided to begin retiring it to enable the purchase of additional F-22s. Due to the sensitive nature of the F-117A, it was decided to retire the aircraft to its original base at Tonopah where they would be partially disassembled and placed in storage. While the first F-117As left the fleet in March 2007, the final aircraft departed active service on April 22, 2008. That same day official retirement ceremonies were held. Four F-117As remained in brief service with the 410th Flight Test Squadron at Palmdale, CA and were taken to Tonopah in August 2008.

Circumstances of Unpaid Internship Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The United States Department of Labor emphasized the unpaid internship program is generally legal. To be lawfully binding, the unpaid intern must work under certain conditions. The intern should not regularly perform the work of the training organizations on a regular basis, like a regular paid employee. The organization must not present an impression that the company is using the unpaid intern s services in order to avoid hiring and paying regular employees. The intern should not take the place of the regular employee. Likewise, the organization must not rely on the intern to accomplish organizational objects or goals. The intern trainers must teach, monitor and guide the unpaid interns. The intern must work on a shadow basis. The clients must not get the impression that the interns are regular employees of the establishment. Lastly, the internship program should be within a fixed, short term basis. (Walsh 45). Surely, the unpaid internship program is generally legal. To be lawful, the unpaid internship program must contribute to the students learning experiences. For the business organizations unpaid marketing trainee, joining the regularly employed sales force s marketing seminars contributes to the marketing trainee s marketing knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Circumstances of Unpaid Internship or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page There were several cases of unlawful unpaid internship programs. During the first quarter of 1995, The Department of Labor ordered Brown-Olmstead Company to pay the wages of its 52 unpaid interns. The company had charged the customers for the services of the interns.

Global Warming Is A Real Phenomenon - 1048 Words

Earth is home to an abundance of complex and astonishing forms of life. It has played humanity’s mysterious home ever since the origin of our species. We are constantly learning more about our planet. However, in the last century, there has been a different trend taking place. We have experienced a rise in the Earth’s temperature. Global warming is the phenomenon that has taken place over the past one hundred and thirty-three years. Global warming has been described as the greenhouse effect of dangerous gases released to the atmosphere. The gas eventually creates an invisible cloud over our planet which makes it more difficult for heat to heat to escape into outer space. Consequently, the earth warms up. According to NASA, the Earth temperature has increased one and a half degrees over the time period (NASA). However, various people have regarded this as a â€Å"false alert.† This paper presents an argument to raise awareness through statistical and scientific st udies that indeed global warming is a real phenomenon and there could be significant costs to not taking preventative measures, in the long run. There is a wide range of opinions on the relatively recent issue of global warming. By relying on data to make inferences based on whether or not our planet is in danger, we can be able to spread beneficial knowledge and to jumpstart the prevention of potentially significant consequences. The Earth unquestionably goes through natural heating and cooling cycles. However, it hasShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming Is A Real Phenomenon2326 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION Global warming has become a central problem in the scientific community, while viewed as more of a severe problem by some people and policy makers than other, the consensus in the scientific community is that global warming is a very real phenomenon. Although the global warming is still debated as far as how fast and severe the problem is, scientific data has shown that the average global temperature has increased by 0.4 to 0.8 Celsius during the last 100 years (http://www.livescienceRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Real Event978 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen warned about global warning. There have been many efforts especially by the American people to go green in an effort to slow the human contribution to global warming. But just because we have been told that global warming is a real event and we should fear it, does that make this event a fact or phenomenon? As a critical thinking student I took time to look into the validity of global warming to decide if the validity of such an event. What is global warming? Global warming is the increase inRead MoreGlobal Warming and its Issues1198 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Global warming is perhaps one of the most urgent and complicated global issues we face today. While there are those who dispute the very nature as well as causes of the global warming phenomenon, available data clearly indicates that the planet is becoming warmer. This text revisits the issue of global warming. In so doing, compelling evidence will be presented in an attempt to prove that the global warming phenomenon is indeed real. Global Warming: An Overview In simple terms, global warmingRead MoreGlobal Warming Is Caused By Human Beings1174 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Global warming appears to be caused by human beings. There is too much CO2 in the atmosphere for plants and trees to take in all of it. There is strong evidence that humans are to blame, not just due to cars and factories but also from agriculture. A majority of scientists and scientific organizations believe humans are causing global warming. Global Warming is controversial. It is a perplexing phenomenon. Some people think it is a normal occurrence, others are afraidRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Earth1577 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect kept the earth at a comfortable temperature to allow life on earth. This process is necessary to support and maintain life on earth. But just like any good thing, too much of it could be dangerous. Greenhouse gases acts as a blanket that is wrapped around the earth. This traps energy in the atmosphere and the energy is then heated up by the sun’s rays. Because of this, another phenomenon has come to be. It is known as global warming. Global warmingRead MoreEssay on Is Climate Change Natural or Man-Made?1160 Words   |  5 Pagesmain causes of the increased warming of the planet. On one hand are the environmentalists who believe that the major cause of this increased warming of the planet is the increase in greenhouse gases i n the atmosphere induced by human activities. On the other hand, the scientists believe that there are natural causes of global climate change. While the supporters of the man-made theory of global climate change reason that the major greenhouse gas causing global warming is carbon dioxide, the advocatesRead MoreBelieve It Or Not, Global Warming1302 Words   |  6 PagesPamela Young Professor Ms. Panto English 105 12 December 2016 Believe it or Not, Global Warming Many people believe that global warming is a hoax, whereas others claim global warming is a real phenomenon. Global warming is an increase in temperature on our planet Earth, in the water and on land. We are experiencing an increase of temperature as a result of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere because of human activities. Scientific research is proving that since the Industrial Revolution began, humanRead MoreParables Of The Sower By Octavia E. Butler1641 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel Parables of the Sower by Octavia E. Butler earth’s current day issue of global warming has taken a turn for the worst, thus leaving many parts of the world severely depleted of usable water and years without rain. â€Å"It’s raining†¦ ‘well we have wind’, Cory said. ‘Wind and maybe a few drops of rain, or maybe just a little cool weather. That would be welcome. It’s all we’ll get.’That’s all there has been for six years† ( butler 47). Is Octavia E. Butler novel Parables of the Sower predictingRead MoreImpact Of Global Warming On North Carolina1728 Words   |  7 PagesRepercussions of Global Warming in North Carolina To begin to comprehend the scope and dynamics of the projected effects of Global Warming on different sectors of North Carolina one has to understand the basics of this particular phenomenon. What exactly is Global Warming? According to EPA.gov: â€Å"Global warming refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth s surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global warming is causingRead MoreA Portion Of The Article And Debate857 Words   |  4 PagesA portion of the article and debate: â€Å"Global warming is a fact. It just isn t man-made. I suspect that the ecoalarmists of Al Gore s ilk are as much aware of that fact as I am. But more important, so are the world s astrophysicists who study the universe—and, with it, our neighboring planets. Habibullo Abdussamatov, head of the St. Petersburg Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory in Russia noted in 2005 that the current warming cycle on Earth is also affecting our neighbors—Venus and Mars.† (Furthermore)

German Imperialism Essay - 2422 Words

The Scramble for Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries encouraged many different nations to become involved in colonialism. In this time period, competing European powers carved up the continent of Africa between themselves, due to a variety of political and economic motives. Generally, these powers benefited from these land acquisitions. However, Germany’s neo-imperialist experience was unlike that of the other powers. Within the colony of Namibia, located in South West Africa, the real advantages that Germany received were far outweighed by the disadvantages the German empire faced. Although Germany received elevated political status from occupying colonies, the economic and military efforts that were invested in†¦show more content†¦This shows that there was support from Germans to colonise Africa not just for political gain, but for economic interest as well. Germany was motivated into imperialism by economic opportunities, being recognised as a p olitical power with an increase of international status, and being able to exercise the power and influence that would come with colonies. Germany’s imperialist experience in Namibia came with several advantages. These advantages were of a political and economic nature. Benefits experienced included an increase of trade with other powers, an increased amount of political influence, and the control over valuable resources in South West Africa. Firstly, Namibia contained many valuable resources, which Germany had control over. Resources in Namibia included diamonds, rubber plantations, copper, lead and gold (Unknown Author, 2004). This stockpile of valuable resources meant that Germany could make massive profits if the correct steps were taken. Out of all of these commodities, not only is diamond the most valuable, but it was the most abundant in South West Africa. Access to these minerals greatly expanded Germany’s portfolio of tradable commodities. Secondly, Germany received large profits from trading its colony’s resources with other powers colonies. The direct trade between Germany and Br itain colonies in 1910 was nearly 630 000 British pounds. Over two thirds of this income was from South WestShow MoreRelatedAmerican South And German Imperialism Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pageslabor, but he further explains black labor through Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute. The Tuskegee Institute is a continual concept played throughout the book, having a large impact on the German colony of Togo. There is a great deal of similarities between the American South and German imperialism, known as the global South. To Zimmerman, the idea of the global South is a novel concept. The concept of the global South began to grow its roots after the American Civil War. Following the CivilRead MoreNazi Empire : German Colonialism And Imperialism1309 Words   |  6 PagesIlan Avineri HIST-444W October 5th, 2017 Annotated Bibliography #1 Baranowski, Shelley. Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Drawing on recent studies of the links between colonialism and genocide, Nazi Empire traces the development of proto-Nazism though a comprehensive history of Imperial Germany. Baranowski exposes the near chronic expansionist aspiration of Imperial Germany and the simultaneousRead MoreImperialism And The United States Experience During World War I855 Words   |  4 PagesForeign Nations and their respective populations. Imperialism, economic expansion and industrialization impacted the United States’ experience during World War One. Americans were forced to recognize their strengths and weaknesses internally and externally. Imperialism is defined as a policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world . Prior to United States engagement in World War One, imperialism, infectiously occupied the world. In Europe,Read MoreThe Modernization Of Japan During The Meiji Restoration971 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism not only influences colonial territories to better themselves because of a mother country believes it is in their best interest to do so or to further their realm of power, it can also have a significant impact on the people’s lives in terms of culture, education, environment, and even politics. Japan and Britain, for example, were two imperial systems that countered each other in many facets but also had strikingly similar qualities that had helped them become strong imperial powersRead MoreCompare and Contrast Japanese and Western Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific3853 Words   |  16 PagesCompare and Contrast Japanese and Western Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific 23 October 2013 at 18:10 The Japanese pursuit for an empire in South East Asia helped changed the balance of world power away from Europe, by taking their most lucrative colonies. Soon after the Japanese defeat in World War II, most of the colonies won their independence from their European masters. This essay will be arguing that despite the vast geographical distance and cultural, racial differences, as well as theRead MoreEssay on Imperialism1350 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism is often excused as a way of liberating people from tyrannical rule or by introducing the policies of a â€Å"better† way of life. It is based on the ground of a variety of causes running the gamut of economic pressures, greed, security, power, prestige, religion, and many other effective measures that can be taken given the circumstances. Arguments about the roots and virtue of imperialism can be put into four basic groups. The first is whether or not imperialism is economically beneficialRead MoreThe World War II And T he Middle East1332 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the 17th to the 20th centuries, imperialism served a mode of global exploration and expansion of economic, political and religious influence. Glory was at stake; the opportunity to expound upon their influence on the balance of power galvanized most of Europe to explore and colonize Central Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. In the period of European imperialism, imperialism served as conveyer of status and power in world affairs; the more imperialist territory, a more powerful nationRead MoreThe Colonial Project And The British Home Essay2273 Words   |  10 Pagesgovernmental form. In other words, the empire is compatible a priori with different form of government. The Weimar constitution, which created the first parliamentary democracy in Germany, stated that the German Reich is a republic. The constitutional court was not confused to claim that the German Reich remains a subject of international law. The most appropriate way to understand the genuine reality of the concept of empire is to compare it with that of the nation and the nation state, which introducesRead MoreThe War Of The Great Depression1019 Words   |  5 Pagesnations were affected by the cost of war, and the deaths. WWI launched the great depression. WWI started in 1914 and ended in 1918. The effects of the war had a tremendous affect on the nations. The most significant causes of WWI were: Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism. Nationalism is, in the simplest of words, pride in your nation. Although, it goes deeper than simply being proud of who you are and where you are. Nationalism also means having a belief that your nation comes before anythingRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesResponse 1: Imperialism Gaining complete dominance within a society can be viewed as a lion taking control over its land. These lions can be regarded as a powerful empire, as they live among other preys fighting for supremacy. In History it has been said that â€Å"A nation that did not expand would not survive† (American Passages, 529). Imperialism is a prime example of a group of prey fighting for sovereignty, within this land we come across the lions, otherwise known as the nations who control the

World challenges in the next fifty years and computer technology Free Essays

In this century many nations throughout the world are facing many challenges. Most of these challenges are caused by population and technologies. Population has been increasing thereby straining the available resources as a result of inadequate measures being put in place. We will write a custom essay sample on World challenges in the next fifty years and computer technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The steps taken to solve the problems experienced in the world are inefficient and are not concentrated on the main issues. In addition to that they do not address the root cause of the problems. Technology is also affecting the world adversely as some of the innovations are not protecting or preserving the environment. Consequently, there are economic problems as the economy of most nations is declining. The world is experiencing an economic recession. Inflation rates are also going up in most nations thereby leading to increased prices for commodities. In the next fifty years the world will face many challenges and some of these challenges include; energy, water, environment, education, poverty and many others. a) Energy At present, nations are investing many funds in research and exploiting natural resources in their territories. The use of non-renewable energy has grown tremendously as almost every invention is using this type of energy. Most modes of transportation are using this type of energy. Most vehicles, public or private are using petroleum products. Similarly, all airplanes are using non-renewable energy for engine combustion. Consequently, the first ships which were invented utilized renewable energy sources but currently for high speed purposes are using non-renewable energy sources. As result of the high demand for non-renewable energy, the reserves are getting depleted. Because of increased demand, oil companies are forced to increase their supply thereby leading to investment of more funds in exploration of more fuel reserves. In the next coming years this trend will continue thereby leading to excessive energy demand and this will affect the world negatively (Organization for Economic Cooperation and development 8). As a result of increased energy demand, the entire world will experience fuel shortages thereby leading to excessive increase in the cost of energy. At the present times, problems related energy has started to emerge and people are feeling its effects as energy prices are going up. This is reflective of what the next fifty years will be. The energy problem is expected to worsen in the next fifty years if alternatives are not sought. In solving the energy problems in the next fifty years computer technology will be very useful and especially if utilized effectively. Innovations in this technology will provide alternative energy sources. As result of more innovations and developments in the computer technology better chips which can power large buildings, automobiles, airplanes among others will be developed. Such technology will reduce the strains experienced by the energy reserves as a result of high energy demand. Currently, such chips have begun to be built (Borealis) and this can be viewed to be a step in the right direction as it leads to better energy sources. Some companies have begun investing financial resources in such innovations; therefore in the next fifty years energy problems will be eliminated. In addition to that computer technology will be helpful in exploration of more energy sources. Currently, the use of computer technology is increasing in energy exploration, but in the next fifty years its use will become more extensive. ) Environment and Water As result of the concentration of large populations in the large towns different forms of transportation have come up and are utilized. Most commonly used mode of transportation include; automobiles, trains, subways, and airplanes. These modes have made people more flexible as they can choose where to work, live and even invest their resources. However, in spite of the benefits provided by these modes of transportation, they have le d to problems related to safety and health of the people as they cause environmental pollution. This can mainly be attributed to fossil fuel combustion as most of them use non-renewable energy thereby leading to high carbon emissions (Benn). Consequently, as a result of industrialization the number of industries has increased and will continue to increase in the next fifty years. These industries are causing much pollution through machineries or technologies used in the production of goods and services. Most of these industries and especially the construction industries are causing noise pollution and in addition to that are degrading agricultural land as most of their raw materials come from land. As a result of land degradation in the next fifty years there will be increased cases of food shortages since they will not be enough land for cultivation. In the next fifty years the world will face more and tougher challenges related to environmental pollution due to increased number of industries and in addition to that the demand for transportation will increased greatly. More vehicles, airplanes, trains among others will be used greatly thereby causing much pollution in the environment. Consequently, as a result of increased environmental pollution a hot debate has emerged concerning global warming. Environmental pollution is leading to changes in the climate as temperatures are increasing. In the next coming years, as result of increased pollution, the world will be affected adversely and the safety and health of individuals will be reduced greatly as a result increased chances of disease infection. Furthermore, as a result of increased pollution caused primarily by industries, water shortages might be experienced as many sources of water and especially rivers will be polluted thereby making water unsafe for human consumption (Molden). Water pollution will occur as a result of industries not disposing their wastes properly thereby allowing industrial wastes to get into rivers and lakes. Additionally, water shortages might also occur as a result of changes in climate thereby leading inadequate rainfall. With increased climate changes temperatures will increase thereby leading to drying of rivers and other water reserves. This will in turn have a negative effect on food as crops in the field will dry-up thereby leading to food scarcity. However, in the next fifty years as a result of improvements in the computer technology problems related to environment and water will be solved. If utilized effectively and efficiently in the next fifty years computer technology will contribute much in relieving the world environmental and water problems. Through the computer technology modes of transportation which are environmental friendly will be invented. This can be attributed to the efficiency and effectiveness provided by the computer technology in doing research. Therefore, in the next fifty years vehicles which are cleaner, greener, safer and more energy efficient will be developed and used (Yang Parent 17). Currently, the effects of computer technology have begun to be felt as scientists are concentrating on developing such vehicles. Furthermore, computer technology will also be useful in wastage management through development of software that control and manage wastes in industries. It will also be use for development of better technologies or systems for waste disposal thereby leading to reductions in wastes getting in the water sources. Consequently, computer technology will contribute greatly in water treatment thereby relieving water shortage problems. As a result of computer technology contribution in improving research better ways of treating water will be discovered thereby leading to increased quantity and quality of water. c) Education and poverty The world population has been increasing at a very fast pace thereby straining the resources available. For instance, in 1990 the population was more than 5. 2 billion while in 2000 it grew to more than 6 billion (Infoplease). At that rate the world population will reach more than ten billion in the next fifty years. People are moving from rural or smaller cities towards larger cities thereby increasing population size in these cities. In the next fifty years, more than a hundred cities are expected to contain over ten million people (Parent 1). As a result of population increase, learning institutions will be strained. Materials for learning will not be adequate due to excessive number of students. This to some extent will lower the quality of education as the number of students per teacher will become greater that the required number. As a result of high population increase and increased demand for education, teachers and lectures will be overloaded and this will affect their performance adversely. Consequently, poverty will increase as a result of increased rate of illiteracy. With high education demand, the cost of acquiring education will be increased greatly thereby locking out individuals from the lower social class. Education will therefore belong to individuals of high and middle social class. Since lower class individuals constitute majority of the world population, there will be increased illiteracy rate and in turn increased poverty level. Education is essential in improving the lives of people as it equips them with knowledge and skills which are helpful in building a great future. It also opens up their minds thereby enabling them to solve issues or problems in their lives with much ease. Furthermore, the level of poverty will also increase in the next fifty years as a result of increased demand for basic commodities. Because of increased population, prices of basic commodities will go up thereby becoming expensive to a large number of individuals. Many people will not affordable to meet their basic needs as a result of increased prices thereby increasing the level of poverty. Additionally, as a result of the current economic downturn and high inflation rate, in the next fifty years many people will become poor. Many businesses will be closed as a result of incurring many losses thereby leading to increased unemployment level. People will lose their jobs as a result of deterioration economy and volatile global markets (Monks). Currently, technology has boosted education greatly. Through the internet individuals can acquire knowledge and skills wherever they are regardless of their distance from the learning institution. As a result of technology learning materials are sufficient for the students and they can use them regardless of their location. In the next fifty years because of increased population size demand for education will increase thereby raising the need for more innovative and efficient technology. Technology will therefore contribute greatly in reducing congestion in the learning institutions and in ensuring maintenance of high quality education. Conclusion. In the next fifty years computer technology will play a vital role in relieving the problems facing the world. In spite of the finances which will be required in developing computer technology, investing in this technology will not be a financial wastage. In ensuring that computer technology is adequate developed and thus helpful in the future, financial support is essential. Companies and other organizations need to invest more funds in innovations that are geared towards improving this technology. In the coming years the need for computer technology will increase and will become a necessity in improving the people’s lives. How to cite World challenges in the next fifty years and computer technology, Papers

Consequences of a Criminal Record

Question: Discuss about the Consequences of a Criminal Record. Answer: Introduction: A criminal record has been described as a record of a criminal account of an individual, usually utilized by probable managers in order to review the honesty of an individual. In Canada, criminal records were observed to be stored in Criminal Records Information Management Services. It has been defined as a regional record which was controlled since 1972 under the Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC) by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The records comprises of each and every beliefs for which a exoneration has not been provided, all accusations despite of temperament, exceptional merits and other data that might be of significance to police inquiries (Criminal Lawyer Ron Jourard, 2017). Such record may be created for any individual over 12 police claim has committed an offence or who has been condemned of a criminal act. With the criminal justice system, starting with police the deeds of such record keeps the contact of an individual. They were kept in central computer systems in all the police agencies across Canada could utilize. It also has been observed that a conviction of an individual for a criminal offence could have a significant impact on the person convicted. So, if an individual have been convicted of a criminal offence and have apprehensions in regard to the criminal record, travel plans and migration status then he may be convicted. The RCMP keeps a central police database, Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC) that may be contacted by law enforcement agencies all over Canada. Once a conviction of a criminal offence has been recorded against an individual by a Federal or Provincial tribunal in Canada, the conviction then would be entered into the CPIC system (Powell Winsa, 2008). It was also observed that the agencies of local police also maintain their own records which keep extra data, such as accusations set and unlawful past for non-convictions. This kind of data was frequently kept internally and was not frequently unconfined for the aim of locale confirmations. Data on discharges were also kept in record by CPIC and local police agencies. An application to obliterate the police records with the local organization that laid the accusation, or with CPIC, may be done in some circumstances where the matter has concluded in a non-conviction. Also, if an individual have been convicted in the past, it may be probable to pertain to the federal government of Canada for a deferment of the record. Such deferment permits individuals who were found guilty of a criminal act, but have accomplished their verdict and have since established that they were law-abiding residents (Micheal P Juskey: Criminal Defence Lawyer, 2012). Although in certain circumstances some long-term consequences could also conclude from having a criminal conviction. As until and unless an individual have obtained a record suspension, a criminal conviction would follow him around for lifetime. Because, a prior criminal record could be utilized in order to attack ones reliability in a succeeding tribunal suit. Also, for a non-exhaustive list of the general harmful consequences of a criminal conviction such as: Probable failure of liberty i.e. preventive provisional stipulations; Fines; Abridged employability; Complexity could be faced by a person if he wants to travel outside Canada; Probable problems in relation to migration; Driving prohibitions; etc (British Columbia, 2017). If an individual have been found responsible and offender of a criminal act then an individual would need an excuse to have the evidence disinterested from public admission (Mark Hogan Barrister Solicitors, 2017). Usually, individuals were entitled to pertain for a pardon once they have finished the verdict forced by the tribunal and have lingered the essential time span. Waiting span rely on the significance of the matter. If the tribunal continued instantly, the waiting span was 5 years; if the matter was impeached by condemnation, the waiting period was 5 years. The sentence could comprise of: Fine expenses and costs; Reimbursement; Probation; Jail time (Cambra, 2014). Prohibitions were not incorporated in cumulating an eligibility of an individual. Though the waiting time span must pass previous to a proof postponement could be provided, it was a good thought to start taking data as soon as possible, so that the precise date of eligibility could be determined. A record suspension was presented for almost all the kind of crimes. Though, individuals who were condemned of the subsequent offences were not entitled for a record suspension, under the Criminal Records Act: But in restricted situations, those who were accused of Schedule 1 wrongs which comprises of youth and young individuals under 18 years of age, and Those crooked of "more than 3 wrongful acts each of which either was impeached by condemnation or was a severe offence that was subject to a highest penalty of custody for life, and for each of which the individual was verdict to captivity for 2 years or more." It was by the Parole Board of Canada that the record postponements were honored. So, at the end it could be concluded that in order to remove a criminal record there were two parts which should be followed such as: assembling and analyzing the criminal record data, and then making the proper application to devastate it. It was a good idea, hence, to request the aid of a record removal specialized. References British Columbia. (2017). Consequences of a Criminal Record. Retrieved on 28th January 2017 from: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/justice/criminal-justice/bcs-criminal-justice-system/if-you-are-accused-of-a-crime/consequences-of-a-criminal-record Cambra, S.D. (2014). How Criminal Records and Police Reports can Ruin Your Travel Plans. Retrieved on 28th January 2017 from: https://www.lawnow.org/criminal-records-police-reports-can-ruin-travel-plans/ Criminal Lawyer Ron Jourard. (2017). Effect of a criminal record. Retrieved on 28th January 2017 from: https://defencelaw.com/basic-info/effect-of-a-criminal-record/ Mark Hogan Barrister Solicitors. (2017). Criminal Records In Canada. Retrieved on 28th January 2017 from: https://markhoganlaw.com/resources/criminal-records-in-canada/ Micheal P Juskey: Criminal Defence Lawyer. (2012). How will a criminal record affect me?. Retrieved on 28th January 2017 from: https://mpjlaw.ca/what-will-happen-if-i-get-a-criminal-record Powell, B. Winsa, P. (2008). Criminal record: The stain that won't go away. Retrieved on 28th January 2017 from: https://www.thestar.com/news/crime/crime/2008/07/22/criminal_record_the_stain_that_wont_go_away.html

Reading Analysis Body Ritual among the Nacirema Example For Students

Reading Analysis: Body Ritual among the Nacirema Reading Analysis: Body Ritual among the Nacirema Written from an about amusing point of view, Horace Miner’s dissection of the American civilization was certainly a tough pill to get down for many. It is about like looking at one’s contemplation in a amusing mirror and non believing it is the same individual. Although really witty it is besides really stating of what Americans value the most and that is pecuniary points and unachievable physical expressions ; sometimes even traveling to extreme steps to accomplish these things. Opening his paper Miner explains that the people of the Nacirema are non pleased with their physical visual aspects and that they do many befog things to change their expressions. Miner’s account of a modus operandi they go through every twenty-four hours is pinpoint accurate. He explains that the public toilet is a shrine with a charming box that hides potions and medical specialties, and that the sink is a fountain of holy H2O ( Miner p. 503 ) . He refers to tooth doctors as â€Å"holy oral cavity men† because of the Nacirema’s compulsion with dental hygiene explicating precisely what these work forces do and demoing the great painful lengths that the Nacirema go through to affect one another. Ultimately he says is a waste of clip because the dentitions finally end up disintegrating even after all the attention for them. A visit to one of these sanctums mouth work forces is described as an dispossession to free the oral cavity of immorality ( Miner p.505 ) . Th e clip the people of this civilization pass on their oral cavity is seen as a waste of clip but it besides shows the great lengths of hurting and torment they go through in the name of amour propre. Every male knows how tormenting shaving their face is, but imagine to an foreigner what this ritual must look like. Miner uses the footings lacerating and grating to explicate the rite that the work forces of the Nacirema go through daily ( Miner p. 505 ) . A Perm is a hairstyle which is non as popular today as it one time was and is explained merely as adult females baking their caputs in little ovens ( Miner p. 505 ) . He uses the word sadists throughout his paper to explicate the Nacirema because of the repeated hurting they put themselves through to achieve desirable expressions and is evidently unfathomable to the civilization he comes from. The most revealing of the Nacirema’s rites are their visits to the temple referred to as a latipso or infirmary spelled backwards. He explains that some of these ceremonials are similar to the 1s performed by the holy oral cavity work forces but sometimes these work forces use charming wands to execute their trade ( Miner p. 505 ) . He says that if they can afford a visit to one of these temples that most of them are more than willing to undergo one of these painful purifications to free themselves of illnesss and sometimes even put on the lining their lives ( Miner p. 505 ) . Even though it has been found that these ceremonials sometimes do non relieve clients, they do non lose religion and will return clip and clip once more to these temples. The people of this civilization do many odd things to look desirable to another person’s criterions. Miner’s surveies found that fleshy people held a ritual where they would fast and that there were ritual banquets held for thin people ( Miner p. 505 ) . Even funnier than that is how he sees breast augmentation or decrease which is besides seen as ritual by these people ; which has about become a rite of transition for adult females displeased with their organic structures. He says that adult females with that have developed big chests will allow work forces see them for a fee and this would be his account of adult females that work at gentlemen cabarets ( Miner p. 505 ) . Although his accounts are really amusing they are surely true of the behaviour exhibited by Americans every twenty-four hours and possibly the outlooks that they have set for one another excessive and bizarre. .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee , .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .postImageUrl , .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee , .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee:hover , .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee:visited , .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee:active { border:0!important; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee:active , .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf8b5cf30f6f53f564e692b0a28da28ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gattaca, Personal reflection EssayAlthough Miner’s reading could be seen as amusing and capricious he manages to turn out a great point about Americans without being rough. Americans will travel to extreme steps to look great and non merely for themselves but to affect other Americans. They will endure painful experiences because that is what they supposed to make to belong to the norm. A civilization of uneven people which will make everything and anything to accomplish higher societal position along with desirable physical expressions set by another’s criterions ; the Nacirema. Mention Miner, Horace. â€Å"Body Ritual among the Nacirema.†American Anthropologist,503-507, no.3 ( 1956 ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //links.jstor.org/sici? sici=00027294 % 28195606 % 292 % 3A58 % 3A3 % 3C503 % 3ABRATN % 3E2.0.CO % 3B2-Y Germain Guerrero ANT 101 Prof. Lee 14 April 2014 Reading Analysis: When Brothers Share a Wife In the Tibetan civilization it is non an uncommon thing to see different types of matrimonies which include monogamy polygyny and fraternal polyandry. Polyandry is one of the most popular amongst the people of Tibet and has become more than merely a tradition passed down from one coevals to the following. It has become a agency of subsistence for the people of Tibet because it has helped maintain wealth in many of these households without holding to divide either the household of belongings up and maintaining wealth amongst brothers that participate in polyandry. Although it may look odd to many western civilizations to see one adult female married to three or more brothers for whatever the logical thinking may be ; they have managed to do it work to their benefit. In the United States monogamousness is the most common signifier of matrimony and so it may look unusual to happen out there are civilizations that allow for brothers to portion a married woman. Most of their point of positions are ethnocentric and can skew the true ground why these things have become common in the states that pattern this signifier of matrimony. There are multiple false grounds why this pattern is common in Tibet. One of those false grounds is that there is a deficiency of females due to infanticide, and a deficiency of nutrient because of the high lift with hapless evidences for agribusiness ; so it seems as if polyandry is the reply to their sufferings ( Goldstein p. 2 ) . Both of these grounds were proven to hold been false by Goldstein ; he states there is no cogent evidence that there is a deficit of females and that the land may be rough for agribusiness it is non the ground for polyandry being popular in Tibet ( Goldstein p. 3 ) . If anything Goldstein points out that there are more than adequate adult females for every male to get married and in 1974 there were 60 females to 53 males in the 15 to 35 age scope ( Goldstein p. 3 ) . This proves that there are more than adequate adult females to fulfill the male population in monogamous relationships. In the United States most people have neer had a job with agribusiness. Most people could merely walk into a food market shop and purchase anything they desire, so those jobs have neer affected the people of America. A likely ground for polyandry in Tibet is that it reduces population growing which in bend reduces the force per unit area on resources ( Goldstein p. 3 ) . Polyandry so is seen as a executable solution to the strain put on the few resources that they do have ; nutrient being the major resource. Many states have seen their population spiral out of control but non Tibet. As it is shown in the graph on page 2, by the clip the 3rd coevals in a monogamous relationship reaches its full potency there are 27 matrimonies which will treble every coevals. On the other manus the 3rd coevals of the polyandry matrimony stayed the same and will go on to make so every coevals therefore commanding population growing ( Goldstein p. 2 ) . .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 , .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .postImageUrl , .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 , .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0:hover , .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0:visited , .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0:active { border:0!important; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0:active , .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0 .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u263a805012a62ee692ef9b8d1e2638c0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: VIOLENT PROGRAMS ON TELEVISION LEAD TO AGGRESSIVE EssayEven though that ground is a likely ground it is non the existent ground why Tibetans choose this signifier of matrimony. Goldstein believes that brothers choose polyandry because of the wealth the brothers inherit from it. He states that brother can anticipate to maintain a higher criterion of life with entree to the family’s land and animate beings ( Goldstein p. 3 ) . Along with land and animate beings they besides inherit apparels and gems along with many other things of high value. They will hold less duties and have to work a batch less than a individual who marries monogamously, because there will be a gr oup of brothers to assist out with the work burden. For case while the married woman is at place taking attention of the household fields the three brothers could be off working assorted occupations such as one brother could be taking attention of the animate beings. Another brother could work the lord’s corvee, a signifier of bondage, and the other brother could be involved in trade ( Goldstein p.4 ) . This would maximise the family’s end product which finally trumps what a monogamous relationship could of all time carry through. Many Tibetans have chosen to get married polyandrous for many grounds. One of the popular beliefs remains largely true and that it is done as a agency of endurance, although that is non the lone ground why they do it. It has helped maintain wealth within the household without holding to divide the household or the land apart. As uneven as polyandry seems, seeing one adult female that chooses to get married three or more brothers ; it has worked out good for the people of Tibet. Mention Goldstein, Malvyn. C. , â€Å"When Brothers Share a Wife.†Natural History.( 1987 ) 1-4.