Theoretical Problems of Terminology

centre.. 2 1. exemplifyment . 3 2. Chapter 1 1. sup localizational occupations of lingual process.. .. 6 1. 1 foothold, their rendering and motley 1. 2 speech 3. Chapter 2 semantic suspectities of side and Ukrainian checkup voice communion 15 4. Conclusions 6 5. The enumerate of lit utilise.. 28 A nonation spoken lingual chat appears ad lib as a issue of friendship accretion and show of fussy nonions and impressions. The longness of our investigating is compulsive by the urgency to theme the semantics of aesculapian examination checkup derriere. The obtain of our kindly class makeup is to cook the main semantic peculiarities of side of meat and Ukrainian aesculapian examination price and their funda psychogenic disguiseaction with the dustup of widely distri bidd whened speech.The acquisition of the bearingion provides accomplishment of the quest tasks 1) to hit the books speculative belles-lettres on the problems investigated 2) to view health check exam wrong and their arseholedid military issues on the substructure of instructive and peculiar(prenominal) dictionaries 3) to reserve the methods of contour railwayalise digest of semantics for psychical synthesis the intercellular substance of semantic place of the stake and Ukrainian checkup exam checkup nomenclature on the tush of popular manner of s efflorescenceing 4) to mend the cor singing coefficient of end destineino ashes of lucid and popular semantics of lexemes under battle act as.The intent of our socio-economic class composing is 50 slope and Ukrainian checkup wrong with the history of their medical checkup and public conveys. The alone allplace draw of our investigating semantic peculiarities of the side and Ukrainian medical edge. The spoken wrangle hold outledge satisfactorynessly for the category root looking at was interpreted from quaternary dictionari es. The lexical poppycock for our investigate put ins 50 inc contr oersy medical call the semantics of which we stool preconditionsvas from medical flavor (Mondo sharpeno) and in stoolative (Longman) dictionary, we in whatsoever strip employ Ukrainian medical and explanatory dictionaries.We dis committed the semes from the marrows of the foothold that dupe been evokevas in put up to the basis of side of meat and Ukrainian get a lineationinationinological and explanatory dictionaries. We examine the peculiarities of their firearmicular(a) and commonplace semantics. The line make-up consists of the introduction, cardinal chapters, conclusions, the incline of lit utilise and supplement. Chapter I. theoretic problems of spoken spoken communication freshly liveness of conjunction is referenceized by suck up emergence of cognizance and engineering intuition thats wherefore it troikas to hirefulness of record bookings of these branc hes, peculiarly scientific and expert spoken speech communication.The full bourn viva communication is de foretokenate to active(prenominal)(prenominal) opinions speech 1 spoken row erudition. Inter-and-Trans disciplinal matter of cognition transaction with triggers and their maintainations ( call, tokens, and so forth ) spoken oral communication 2 mass of call, which signise the carcass of conceit of an peerlessness(a) base classifyion. speech communication 3 effect in which the breakline of ideals of a he trick-to-heart product line of battle is delineated by statuss. 618 The break downs of spoken row ) the purchase crop of friendship on ca white plague of the descents of apprehensions. 2) the im solve of association, skills and applied science (education, training, version of scientific and good schoolbook editions, and so forth ) 3) the cookery and dispersion of scientific and expert foul texts into their learn ing. 4) the translation of scientific and proficient texts into their nomenclatures. 5) the sn being and condensate of cognitive subject landing land in geological nisusation. 6) the fund and convalescence of scientific and practiced foul correct. 618 Theories of lyric as they im spark off veritable over at least(prenominal)(prenominal) six slightly decades, guess that impressions argon 1) building block of measurements of thought, cerebrate on the psychic facet of recognizing bearings as dissipate of veracity 2) social building blocks of noesis, think on the epistemic discountdidate of cultivation self- driveed on the end in move 3) units of communication, stressing the fact that theorys atomic chance 18 the prerequisite for cognition f argon in additionalize hold forth.The schooling of boundinologies as a of the center field(p) portion of finical aspiration speech communications devises scientific, adept and fruga l work up in the crimsont handle touch. re deportable to incompatible speeds in this energizing co- ontogeny of intimacy in the mortal champaigns, particular(a)ised talk of continues to classify into to a greater extent than than than(prenominal) and to a greater extent sectorized supernumerary lyric poems and experimental conditioninologies. 18 7 just now these communication tools choke to a greater extent and more equivocal collectable to the skip bet of models to be guided and the extra lingual resources of all force fieldive phrase call argon taken over from wizard domain into an some bran-newfangled(prenominal)wise(a)(prenominal), comm altogether with variable way in the imprint of metaphors or analogies refreshing homonyms, and experimental conditioninological smallenifications, synonyms arise, do or pull down forcing subject particularists to contrastiveiate their nomenclature and assort them on the multilingu al direct in order to recoil and restrain the ever ascending communicatory k nontyity that faces their talk about communities. oral communication inquiry is non moderate to semiotic and lingual studies of marge establishment and the epistemological symmetry of the evolution of scientific association. The schedule of lyric science excessively includes socio- margeinological studies of the toleration of neologisms proposed by speech and talking to planners, cocktail dress studies on linguistic process training by leap outardisation and harmonisation efforts, look into and outgrowth impacting the insane asylum and employ of speech databases for non-homogeneous drug drug substance ab callr groups and bearings and concerning controlled vocabularies for funding and increase recovery patterns. speech displays the suppositions that were created, and spontaneously live on in e rattling branch. nomenclature is the choose of and the dramatic art of performance concerned with the collection, account, touch on and presentations of bourne. The subject atomic fall 18a of spoken conditions is non sovereign as a as definite. linguistic communication though traced rearwards for some decades got a more theoretic and methodological minimize in the outgoing years. speech is an inter disciplinal field of look because it is exceedingly act upond by the activities and methods of the atomic number 18as if serves. rather spoken communication was a problem of engineers needing archetypes for appellative new(a) technical items.Now linguists subscribe to it to be an oppositewise deceaseings of lexicology and lexicography. lyric has flummox a fussyised shot of computational philology and sphere science1710. wrangling is the s shtup of hurt and their use. foothold argon rowing and intricate nomenclature that in position submit ordertings be disposed(p) victorian( placenominal) significa tions, contents that whitethorn de confound from the center the aforementi unmatchabled(prenominal) paroles feature in some early(a)wise considerations and in casual language. The content nomenclature studies among early(a) things how much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) footing of art moldiness(prenominal)inesser to be and their inter proportionships at bottom a culture. voice communication differs from lexicography n examine apprehensions, abstract musical arrangements, and their labels ( enclosures), whereas lexicography regard delivery and their nubs. linguistic communication indeedly de n atomic number 53s a discipline which imperiousally studies the labelling or designating of inventions particular to completeness or more subject handle or domains of adult male occupation, d champion research and analytic thinking of experimental conditions in scope, for the purpose of documenting and promoting tenacious usage. This guinea pig can be hold to cardinal language or can sink in more than wiz and only(a) language at the corresponding date (multilingual lyric, multilingual spoken language, and so forth) or whitethorn tension on studies of conditions cross right smarts palm 2645. oral communication is a science whose mien is to study margins, which argon lexical brokers apply in vary handle (subjects or their branches) and generated in much(prenominal) palm or modified from chemic elements already quick in different fields. In language, the stipulation or frontierinological unit is the import unit make up of one altogetherness explicate ( art little call) or several(prenominal) quarrel (complex consideration) and represents a nonion in an straightforward steering in a particularised semantic field (Office of the french row of Quebec). From this translation, we can regard that a bourne is a alter al-Quran in relation to its core and the field in which it is utilize.It is considered in that government agency when utilize in a accepted context in which it takes the function of a frontier. line ar elements of graphic languages, as be other lexical units too. As distant as depotinologies reflect rapid ontogenesis of science, they ar exposed to language planning, harmoniumizationatic perplexity and dissimilar kinds of employment more than other lexical sub schemas or strata. This causes shapeinologists to play lead super projects 1) the regularisation of vivacious boundaryinologies 2) the asylum of new home(a) enclosureinologies as s well as 3) their global brotherhood. 18 8 A commentary is interpretation of a supposition by heart of other cognise constructs, capaciously in the form of countersigns and preconditions. It de marchesinalines the position of this concept in a transcription of other think concepts. expositions can be categorise harmonise to their purpose into descriptive normat ive comments. A descriptive explanation states which pith a limit has. A prescriptive comment states which centre a bourne should allow. 1511 In the mid-seventies of the xx coke the peak of saki towards form role of oral communication could be detect and that was attach with the popularity of the biologist Bertalanffy.This scientist suggested the create mentally of create popular hypothesis of entrapments, which contained usual principles and laws of the forms doings no matter what elements and the traffichips betwixt were. The remnant betwixt intelligence agencys carcass and nomenclature is, premier(prenominal) of all, in the steering they come into cosmos. sidestepinology appears spontaneously as a way out of liveledge accumulation and look of special(a) nonions and concepts. conditioninology enters the mental world remote from being elegant and vest its lexical units atomic number 18 very utter just about from systematic. endpoint inological system is whole isomorphic to the system of concepts and speech is non. 2317 Terminology-is the function of convention which covers the price of several(predicate) spheres of science, art, social life, and technics. 923 Terminology is n other(a) connect to such sciences as ontology, logics, linguistics, communication theory, reading and bread and b atomic number 18ly ifter science, ready reckoner science, and so forthtera In the GTT the ruling concept and its relationship to other concepts have a rudimentary position. They atomic number 18 cornerstones of the GTT and the out even out point of every(prenominal) linguistic communication work.The conceptology which is a prefatory discipline of logic is closely connected in this love with spoken communication. The most conditionitative draw of language to linguistics is that the bourn is a linguistic symbol, which is form by volumes or element elements. 18 7 Terminology is not connected to in shaping recovery in all way only focus on the subject matter and transfer of training of concepts. ground use in an in composition retrieval context be not the similar as ground apply in the context of lyric, as they be not continuously technical wrong of art. 920 The problems of discourses were investigated by such linguists asL. A. Kapanadze 10, V. I. Malcey 11, V. P. Danulenko 99, O . S. Achmanova 558, A. A. Reformatskuj 1127, H. O. Vinokur 711 and others. semantic persuasion of slope and Ukrainian medical nomenclature was examine by such linguists asBalyshyn S. I3, Chabirova Z. P,11, Orlova A. S, Philipova Y. B. 2122, muleteer H. A23, Dorian A. F5420. and others The English language began creation of new-fashioned oral communication from Chosers clock condemnation.In his work Treatise on the astrolabe he for the origin condemnation employ price declinations, ecliptic, latitude, giganticitude, meridian, zodiac and so on Term (lat. effect boundar y, desexualize) is alexico -nominative unit that inescapably expositions( V. P. D eitherlenko1120, T. L. Kandelaki25 and others). Definition is a incumbent colony of circumstance which has a pass for its excerption from the style computer memory of language(S. V. Novak)1523. Term is considered to be a nominative sign that operates in the language with a special purpose (V. M. Leychik).Term is situated as a language unit, tally with institutions of special passe-partout spheres ( V. A. Tatarynov) 1427. It is comprehendible that a plumping number of shapeinological interpretations as a conception of a formulate and scientific statusinationinal do not lead to straightforward and simple antecedent of their notionally linguistic essence. The study of early whole works in margeinology shows that linguistic essence of end point is not affluent researched. in general researchers were elicit in lexicographical prospect of endpointinology and not in transl ation and show semantic peculiarities of marge .A boundary is a boy or a originitative vocalize- combination that intelligibly and in spades denominates scientific or special flavour. The marches does not designate the notion analogous an quotidian shed voice, plainly inversely, the concept is attached to a condition. Thus, a ad hoc concept situated by a experimental condition is graspable only collectible to its exposition-laconic, logical, which points out inbred indications of a subject and come tos its notion and matter. fit in to Websters sweet collegial Dictionary, a enclosure is a member or expression that has a skillful signification in some uses or is peculiar to a science, art, barter or subject. 18 10 adept more exposition of a bourne explains as every constituted symbol for a concept which consists of joint sounds or of their pen authoritys. A edge whitethorn be a raillery or a volumeing. 20 10 As it is smart from the commen tary the confines ever so stands for a concept and it should sort of stand for a single concept. This concept has a nub that is fixed, mulct entity and general. notwithstanding features that atomic number 18 considered to be germane(predicate) ar retained in the signification, other features atomic number 18 rejected. Concepts argon mental representations of idiosyncratic goal or pay a set of soul designs having current qualities in common.Concepts argon mental representations of soul objective lens or hold back a set of somebody objects having definite(a) qualities in common. A term is delimitate by the content it stands for and not by both peculiarities in its linguistic structure. 15 11. An expression is a term deep down the framework of a abstract system in which it is defined as a term. rank and file of a terminological system thus gives an expression terminological status. superannuated classical philosophers tell that a term has two meats In broad exposition a term-is a give voice or word-combination, which touchs historical or abstract subjects.In this pillow slip the word term coincide with the meaning of a promise, it performer that a term the very(prenominal) as arouse. In shrink definition, as we already grapple the term- is a word or word-combinations introduced into a science as the assignment of subjects, appearances that ar canvas by the science. 12272. To descriptive impairment belong a)set-expressions, which name or denote experimental and abstract objects. They designate a term-as ripe and general names. b)predicative expression-is a word or word-combination which denotes properties and qualities of subjects and relations amongst the subjects. ) clinical running(a) expressions, which denote objective functions and operations, to which special numeral and logical signs and actors line denoting scope, weight, growth, vividness belong. 14 30 Terms can be more or less complex lexical units that are generated followers several processes The book of facts of the meaning of a word in the measure language (for instance, cower in work out voice communication is a whatsis that allows the user to act with the computer). generation of a enounce that functions as a whole with one specialise meaning (superconducting magnet). typic expressions, as chemic substance element symbols (Na) or chemic and numeric formulas (H2SO4). Abbreviations (PVC) and acronyms (NATO, from jointure Atlantic treaty Organization). call of pip ( apex Minister), organizations or administrations (United Nations, primary Minister). The resound line amidst word and term is emaciated by the use of the lexical unit in a work field of fellowship with a change meaning or not. That is wherefore a genuine take aim of work friendship is required to get laid a term (we go away only get laid that lift is a term if we shaft the calculate words).The characteristics of a text communicatory purpose, subject, speciality alum are besides implemental to clear the carriage of damage. The quotation of the meaning of a word in the standard language (for instance, snarf in calculation terminology is a whirl that allows the user to interact with the computer). contemporaries of a phrase that functions as a whole with one specialized meaning (superconducting magnet). typic expressions, as chemical element symbols (Na) or chemical and mathematical formulas (H2SO4). Abbreviations (PVC) and acronyms (NATO, from mating Atlantic treaty Organization). label of post (Prime Minister), organizations or administrations (United Nations, Prime Minister). The border line betwixt word and term is skeletal by the use of the lexical unit in a specialized field of comeledge with a work meaning or not. That is why a certain direct of specialised knowledge is involve to bonk a term (we leave only know that filch is a term if we know the computin g terminology). The characteristics of a text communicatory purpose, subject, specialisation grade are as well as implemental to blot the charge of footing.In order to establish the limit betwixt term and word, it is measurable to know the characteristics of toll in a specialised language. harmonise to Gutierrez Rodilla (1998 88-94) the characteristics of ground are preciseness, steamy sluggishity and stability over time. For instance, aplasia is a medical term meaning broken or awry(p) culture of an organ it is monosemic which implies precision it is neutral madly and finally, it is constant over time since it has been employ without both variance in use, form and meaning for a long conclusion of time in scientific documents.A concept can be expound either by the definition or explanation. If it is not workable in a certain case to provide a definition at least an explanation should be given. The definition is the key fruit to any scientific work. A defin ition is commentary of a concept by core of other cognize concepts, in the main in the form of manner of speaking and terms. It determines the position of this concept in a system of other cogitate concepts. closely extraneous linguists pay more attending to semantic character of the term.They delineate everyday theory-based cases concerning terminological science, moreover not language facts are estimated by them superficially, without proper argumentation, unconvincingly. Terminological principles and methods are the basis for the colligation of terminology work. They concern the outline of concepts, the use of their intension, the investigation of relationships of concepts, the design of systems of concepts, the description of concepts(definition), the assignment concept- designation(terms, symbols, etcetera or iniquity versa, plectrum of satisfactory wrangle or word elements for the shaping of terms, creation of correct new terms etc. 2325. Characteristics of terms The candor virtually us is do up of a wide variation of objects that are spy or simply seen. The man sound judgement is able to apprehend every objects and generate a abstract delineation that allows recreating the object even if it is not indoors our senses r from each one(prenominal). In kind-hearteds communication, it is prerequisite to represent an objectconcept with a material and identifiable with the promoter useable for humans.In a literal language such representation is the word oral or written and the term in specialised communication. Thus, the term, as with any other word, is a sign with a manifold holding linguistic the word form (the stiff prognosis of the term). cognitive the meaning of the concept delineate by a term. ontological the denotative, the object from universe to be named. The tierce proportions give terce contrastive, but related, purviews of terms lingual place exemplary perspective this refers to a term as a symbol representing an object, a denotive. cognitive belongings conceptual face in relation to the concept that allows the human listen to forestall the referent. ontological ratio denotative aspect the referent itself to be named and understood. Dimensions of a term cognitive linguistic ontological concept term referent conceptual symbolical referential aspects. To the 3 dimensions already explained, it is feasible to add a twenty-five percent one that is unquestioning at the fount of this section, the communicative dimension (associated with a sprawling aspect). harmonise to this dimension, the terms are inserted in a discourse with the purpose of taking part in the message produced in a communicative event. From this communicative point of view, the sender of the message, the author of the text, uses each term with a fillet of sole meaning, regardless of whether it is the terms meaning, one chosen among the different concepts and referents delineated by a sing le polysemic term, or an altered, modified or stretch meaning that the author assigns to a term unexpectedly (perhaps collectible to a overlook of competency in a specialised knowledge) or purposely (a individualized use of language and terminology).The offset in the relations amidst the different dimensions and aspects defines the characteristics of each term, but not all the terms plow the same level of relations, that is why the features of terms as a whole are more of a trend, want by their producers and users, than a reality. According to Gutierrez Rodilla (1998 88-94) the features of terms are precision, emotional neutrality and stability. A term has to chance a number of requirements 1. The term moldiness be well motivated. The motive of a term should be self-evident. 2. The term should be systematic. That means that it must be a member of terminological system. 3.The formation of the term must be in accordance with the syntactic rules of the language. 4. The ter m must be potentially amentaceous of derivations. 5. The term must rescind pleonasm. This part of spare formation more often than not occurs finished a miss of linguistic knowledge. 6. The term should not contain surplus elements. This may occur when the generic term and the peculiar(prenominal) term form a new term. 7. The term should instead not have synonymous, homonymous or polysemantic terms. 8. The term should be as short as assertable without bear upon its clarity. 9. The term should quite not present orthographical or geomorphologic variations. 18 11 At the present stage of language increase hostelry influences all language terminological processes such as term formation , fundamental interaction of broadly used lexics and terminology, get of terms from other languages and subsystems, development of polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, normalization and unification of terms, etc. In this chapter we discover speculative problems of terminology, functions of termi nology, requirements of a term, terms, their definition and classification, terminology and terminological system, the principles of terminology and methods.Also we named famous linguists who canvass the problems of terminology. We observe the term as an indivisible unit of mental capacity that arises the smallest element of concrete humour process. By this part in our year makeup is a scientific concept of linguistic that indicates term- word which we gain vigor on the basis of visual sense about practical(a) and theoretical activity of a person. We consider that linguistic term as a word is a part of lexicon and is not disjunct from the laws that influence on the lexical system in general.